Conjunctivitis: A Guide

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is a common eye condition that affects millions of people every year. It’s caused by an infection or allergies, and it usually improves within a couple of weeks without treatment.

What is Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. When this membrane becomes irritated or inflamed, it can cause discomfort, redness, and discharge from the eye.

Conjunctivitis is a common condition, especially in children. There are things you can do to ease your symptoms, and treatments you can obtain from your pharmacist. You don’t usually need to see a GP for conjunctivitis, but there are some occasions when it’s important to seek medical advice.
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

 

Symptoms of conjunctivitis include:

• Red or pink appearance to the eyes
• Itching or burning sensation
• Discharge, which may be sticky
• Crusty eyelids, especially upon waking
• Sensitivity to light
• Redness behind the eyelid
• Swelling of the eyelids, making them appear puffy
• Excessive tears
• A dislike of bright lights (photophobia)
• A gritty feeling like there is sand in the eye
• Children with conjunctivitis almost always rub their eyes excessively. They may also experience an itchy or runny nose, as well as sneezing.

If you suspect you have conjunctivitis or are experiencing any eye discomfort, don’t hesitate to contact us to schedule an appointment with one of our experienced optometrists. Book An Appointment Here.

 

Types of Conjunctivitis

Viral Conjunctivitis

Often caused by the same viruses that lead to colds and other respiratory infections. It is highly contagious and usually resolves on its own. You might get viral conjunctivitis if you have a cold or come into contact with somebody who’s coughing or sneezing, or you might get it from using contaminated eye makeup.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Caused by bacteria, this type can result in more severe symptoms and may require antibiotic treatment. It is more common in children and older people. You can also contract bacterial conjunctivitis by coming into contact with someone who has conjunctivitis, wearing contact lenses that are contaminated, or touching your eyes with unwashed hands.

Chemical/Irritant Conjunctivitis

Results from exposure to irritants like chlorine, smoke, or chemicals. Immediate flushing of the eyes is crucial in these cases. You may also get conjunctivitis if something rubs or scratches your eye.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. It is not contagious and is often associated with other allergy symptoms. If you’re allergic to plant pollens released at the same time each year, you may get seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Another type of allergic conjunctivitis is called giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). Doctors aren’t sure what causes it, but it seems to be a type of allergic reaction to contact lenses.

You may also experience an allergic reaction to eye drops or eye makeup, which can lead to inflammation of your eyelids. This form is called contact dermatoconjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis in Babies

Neonatal, or newborn, conjunctivitis affects babies in their first month. The most common cause is an infection passed on at birth by a mother with chlamydia or gonorrhoea. Neonatal conjunctivitis can cause permanent eye damage if it isn’t treated quickly.

 

Only bacterial and viral conjunctivitis are contagious. 

 

Treatment for Conjunctivitis

Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the type of the condition and its underlying causes. Some may resolve on their own, while others necessitate medical intervention. It’s essential to consult with an eye care professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own without the need for medical intervention. However, to alleviate discomfort, the following treatments can be helpful:

• Cool Compresses: Applying a cool, damp cloth over the eyes can help reduce swelling and relieve itching or irritation. It’s important to use a clean cloth each time to prevent the spread of infection.
• Artificial Tears: Over-the-counter artificial tear drops can provide moisture and comfort to dry or irritated eyes. They can help flush out any discharge and reduce discomfort. Be sure to select preservative-free options if using them frequently.
• Rest and Hygiene: Keeping your eyes clean and allowing them to rest can facilitate recovery. Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes, and wash your hands frequently to prevent the spread of the infection.

 

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis typically requires medical treatment to clear the infection effectively. Treatment options include:

• Antibiotic Eye Drops or Ointments: A healthcare professional may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments, which are effective in eliminating bacterial infections. It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics even if the symptoms improve before finishing the medication.
• Avoid Contact Lenses: If you wear contact lenses, it’s advisable to stop using them until the infection has fully resolved. This helps prevent further irritation and potential complications.
• Follow-up: If symptoms do not improve within a few days of starting treatment, a follow-up appointment may be necessary to reassess the situation and possibly adjust the treatment.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

For allergic conjunctivitis, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and minimising exposure to allergens:

• Antihistamine Eye Drops: These prescription or over-the-counter eye drops help alleviate itching, redness, and swelling caused by allergies. They work by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance your body releases during an allergic reaction.
• Avoiding Allergens: Identifying and avoiding triggers is crucial for managing allergic conjunctivitis. This may involve staying indoors during high pollen seasons, using air filters, or avoiding pet dander.
• Oral Antihistamines: In some cases, oral antihistamines may also be recommended to help control overall allergy symptoms, particularly if accompanied by nasal congestion or sneezing.
• Cold Compresses: Similar to viral conjunctivitis, using a cool compress can provide relief from itching and swelling.

 

Chemical Conjunctivitis

Chemical conjunctivitis is a more urgent situation that requires immediate action:

• Immediate Irrigation: If exposure to a chemical irritant occurs, it’s crucial to flush the eyes immediately with clean, lukewarm water or saline solution. This should be done for at least 15 minutes to remove the chemical and minimise damage to the eye.
• Seek Professional Help: After irrigation, it’s essential to visit an eye care professional as soon as possible. They can assess any potential damage and provide further treatment, which may include medicated eye drops to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Follow-up Care: Depending on the severity of the exposure, follow-up appointments may be necessary to monitor the healing process and ensure that no long-term damage has occurred.

How to Stop Infectious Conjunctivitis from Spreading

There are steps you can take to prevent conjunctivitis from spreading to others.

Do

• Wash your hands regularly with warm, soapy water
• Wash your pillowcases and face cloths in hot water and detergent
• Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing and put used tissues in the bin

Don’t

• Don’t share towels and pillows
• Don’t rub your eyes
• Don’t share makeup products with other people

 

 

If you suspect you have conjunctivitis or are experiencing any eye discomfort, don’t hesitate to contact us to schedule an appointment with one of our experienced optometrists. Book An Appointment Here.